During the late 1800's many people were brought to Queensland as indentured workers (a type of slavery) however with Federation the Federal Government introduced the Pacific Island Labourers Act of 1901 as part of the White Australia Policy. It had a huge impact on the South Sea Islanders working on the cane fields of Queensland and Northern New South Wales.
This first video gives you an overview of the issues that lead to the 1966 Referendum.